What is Psychosis?

by Daniel

Psychosis is a complex mental health condition characterized by a loss of touch with reality. It can manifest in a variety of ways, including hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized thinking. Understanding the symptoms, causes, available treatments, and other aspects of psychosis is crucial for both affected individuals and their loved ones. 

Overview 

Psychosis is not a specific diagnosis but rather a symptom of various mental health disorders. It can occur in conditions such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, severe depression, and certain medical conditions or because of substance abuse. The experience of psychosis can be frightening and confusing, leading to significant distress and impairment in daily functioning. 

Symptoms of Psychosis 

The symptoms of psychosis can vary widely from person to person and may include: 

Hallucinations

Sensing things that are not real, such as hearing voices or seeing things that others do not. 

Delusions

Beliefs that are not based in reality, such as thinking that one is being persecuted or that one has special powers. 

Disorganized thinking

Difficulty organizing thoughts or making sense of information. 

Disorganized speech

Speaking in a way that is difficult to understand or that does not follow a logical flow. 

Difficulty focusing or paying attention

Causes of Psychosis 

The exact cause of psychosis is not fully understood, but it is believed to be the result of a combination of genetic, biological, and environmental factors. These factors may include: 

Genetics

Having a family history of psychosis or certain mental health disorders can increase the risk. 

Brain chemistry

Imbalances in neurotransmitters, which are chemicals that help transmit signals in the brain, may play a role. 

Brain structure

Differences in the brain’s structure or functioning may contribute to the development of psychosis. 

Trauma or stress

Experiencing trauma or significant stressors can increase the risk of psychosis. 

Other Risks 

Several factors can increase the risk of developing psychosis, including: 

  • Substance abuse, particularly of drugs such as cannabis, LSD, or amphetamines. 
  • Traumatic experiences, such as abuse or neglect. 
  • Certain medical conditions, such as Parkinson’s disease or dementia. 

Complications Associated with Psychosis 

Untreated psychosis can lead to several complications, including: 

  • Social isolation: Difficulty relating to others or maintaining relationships. 
  • Impaired functioning: Difficulty performing daily tasks such as work or self-care. 
  • Substance abuse: Using drugs or alcohol to cope with symptoms. 
  • Increased risk of self-harm or suicide: Psychosis can increase the risk of suicidal thoughts or behaviors. 

If you or someone you know is experiencing thoughts of self-harm, consider: 

  • Visiting the nearest emergency room or urgent care facility. 
  • Contacting a suicide hotline. In the U.S., call or text 988 to reach the 988 Suicide & Crisis Lifeline, available 24 hours a day, seven days a week. Services are free and confidential. Remember: The Suicide & Crisis Lifeline has a Spanish language phone line at 1-888-628-9454. 
  • Reaching out to a close friend or loved one. 
  • Contacting a minister, spiritual leader or someone else in your faith community. 
  • If you’re a veteran, call 988 and then press “1” for the Veterans Crisis Line, text 838255, or chat online. 

a man struggling with mental health

What is the difference between psychosis and schizophrenia? 

Psychosis is a symptom that can occur in various mental health disorders, including schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is a specific mental health disorder characterized by symptoms such as psychosis, disorganized thinking, and social withdrawal. 

Available Treatments 

Treatment for psychosis typically involves a combination of medications, psychotherapy, and support services. Medications such as antipsychotics can help manage symptoms by altering brain chemistry. Psychotherapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), can help individuals learn coping strategies and address underlying issues. 

Support services, such as case management or support groups, can provide additional assistance and guidance. 

Coping strategies focus on helping individuals manage their symptoms and improve their quality of life. These strategies can be used with other treatments, like medication and therapy, and can include: 

  • Education: Learning about psychosis and understanding its symptoms can help individuals feel more in control and less frightened by their experiences. 
  • Medication adherence: Taking prescribed medications as directed can help manage symptoms and prevent relapse. 
  • Stress management: Learning stress-reduction techniques, such as mindfulness meditation or yoga, can help reduce the frequency and severity of psychotic episodes. 
  • Support groups: Joining a support group for individuals with psychosis can provide a sense of community and validation, as well as practical tips for managing symptoms. 
  • Therapy: Psychotherapy, such as cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), can help individuals learn coping strategies, challenge negative thoughts, and improve their problem-solving skills. 
  • Routine: Establishing a regular daily routine can help individuals feel more stable and in control, which can reduce the likelihood of experiencing psychotic symptoms. 
  • Healthy lifestyle: Eating a balanced diet, getting regular exercise, and avoiding drugs and alcohol can all contribute to better mental health and overall well-being. 
  • Self-care: Engaging in activities that promote self-care, such as taking time for hobbies or relaxation, can help individuals feel more balanced and reduce stress. 
  • Family support: Family support plays a crucial role in the management of psychosis. Educating family members about the condition, involving them in treatment planning, and providing emotional support can significantly improve outcomes for individuals with psychosis. 
  • Peer support: Connecting with others who have experienced psychosis can provide a unique source of understanding and validation. Peer support groups or online forums can be valuable resources for individuals seeking to share their experiences and learn from others. 
  • Recovery-focused approach: Recovery from psychosis is possible, and many individuals can lead fulfilling lives with appropriate treatment and support. A recovery-focused approach emphasizes individual strengths, goals, and resilience, rather than simply managing symptoms. 
  • Stigma reduction: Stigma surrounding psychosis can create barriers to seeking help and accessing support. Efforts to reduce stigma through education, advocacy, and storytelling can help create a more supportive and inclusive environment for individuals with psychosis. 
  • Relapse prevention: Developing strategies to prevent relapse is an important aspect of long-term management. This may involve identifying early warning signs, maintaining medication adherence, and accessing support services during times of increased stress or difficulty. 
  • Trauma-informed care: Many individuals with psychosis have experienced trauma, which can exacerbate symptoms and complicate treatment. Trauma-informed care approaches prioritize safety, trust, and empowerment, recognizing the impact of trauma on mental health and well-being. 
  • Self-advocacy: Learning to advocate for oneself and navigate the healthcare system can empower individuals with psychosis to actively participate in their treatment and recovery journey. This may involve asking questions, seeking second opinions, and asserting one’s preferences and needs. 

When to Seek Care 

It is important to seek care for psychosis as soon as possible, as early intervention can lead to better outcomes. If you or someone you know is experiencing symptoms of psychosis, such as hallucinations, delusions, or disorganized thinking, it is important to consult a mental health professional for an evaluation. In some cases, psychosis can be a sign of a serious underlying condition that requires immediate attention. 

How to Seek Care for Psychosis 

Seeking care for psychosis involves several steps:d 

  • Talk to a primary care physician or mental health professional about your symptoms. 
  • Undergo a thorough evaluation to determine the cause of your symptoms. 
  • Work with a treatment team to develop a treatment plan that may include medication, therapy, and support services. 
  • Follow your treatment plan and attend regular follow-up appointments to monitor your progress and adjust your treatment as needed. 

Prevention of Psychosis 

While it may not be possible to prevent psychosis entirely, there are steps individuals can take to reduce their risk, such as: 

  • Avoiding substance abuse 
  • Seeking treatment for mental health conditions 
  • Managing stress through healthy coping mechanisms 
  • Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including regular exercise and a balanced diet 

Hope for the Future 

Psychosis is a complex mental health condition that can have a significant impact on individuals’ lives. Understanding the symptoms, causes, available treatments, and other aspects of psychosis is essential for promoting early intervention and improving outcomes for affected individuals. 

If you’re experiencing symptoms of psychosis and would like some help, contact us today to schedule a consultation.